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Ajedrez de Estilo Chess Magazine No. Alexander Khalifman - Opening for White according to Anand 1. Alexander Khalifman - Opening for White according to Kramnik 1. Alexander Koblenz - Ajedrez de Entrenamiento Spanish. Amatzia Anvi - Surprise in Chess. An Opening Repertoire for the Positional Player. An explosive chess opening repertoire for black. Anatoli Karpov - Como Ganar contra la defensa Gruenfeld.

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Anatoly Karpov - My Best Games multilanguage. Sabin Sunday, In , he died at the age of 87 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. On Campus Yesterday Archive. As matter streams in towards the condensing central nucleus, conservation of angular momentum will cause the whole region, nucleus and streaming matter, to rotate faster and faster. In addition, as large amounts of matter continue to collide with the nucleus, its temperature will steadily rise.

After perhaps a hundred million years, the temperature at the center of the cloud will have risen to about fifteen million degrees. This is the ignition temperature for thermonuclear reactions, such as the conversion of hydrogen to helium in the hydrogen bomb.

If the rotation is sufficiently fast, the forming star will separate under certain conditions into smaller parts, producing a double or multiple star system. Now as the star forms, there still is a large dust cloud surrounding the star and rotating with it.

In this cloud, the solar nebula, small, denser regions begin attracting nearby matter, as in star formation. However, the protoplanets that grow from these regions, in the gravitational field of the nearby star , never rise by collisional heating to the thermonuclear ignition temperature, and so become planets and not stars.

Gerard P. Kuiper, professor of astronomy at Yerkes Observatory, has described how planets are formed in this manner in recent years.

In the forming protoplanets, there would be a tendency for the heavier elements to sink to the center, leaving the much more abundant hydrogen and helium as the principal constituents of the atmosphere surrounding the new planets. However, if the protoplanet is very massive, or very far from the sun, the gravitational attraction of the protoplanet for a gas molecule may be greater than the force of radiation trying to blow it away, and the protoplanet may retain an atmosphere.

This atmosphere can be residual from the proto-atmosphere, or may be due to gaseous exhalations from the planetary interior. In such a way, one can understand, generally, the atmospheres of the planets in this solar system:.

One fact about our solar system that has rung the death knell of many cosmogonies is the fact that although over 99 per cent of the mass of the solar system is in the sun, over 98 per cent of the angular momentum of the system is in the planets.

It is as if the rotational inertia has been transferred from the sun to the planets. On this basis, the existence of a solar nebula from which planetary systems form will cause the central star to rotate more and more slowly. Now the origin of planets must be dependent on the temperature of the central star. If it is too cold, the atmosphere of the protoplanets will not be blown away, resulting perhaps in the formation of a system of planets similar to Jupiter, but even larger and more massive.

On the other hand, if the star is too hot, radiation pressure will disperse the solar nebula rapidly, leaving, if anything, small atmosphereless planets, or a system of millions of tiny asteroids. For planets to be formed, the temperature of the star must be between these extremes.

There is another reason to believe that hot stars do not have planets.